The art course is a very important course in preschool education. It can systematically help children understand the form, understand the shape of things, be familiar with the ever-changing color elements, and know life through painting. The art curriculum for preschool education majors not only emphasizes accurate modeling, complete composition, coordinated color matching, and the expression of emotion and artistic conception, but also focuses on the cultivation of students' creativity, imagination and aesthetic ability. Therefore, it is far from enough to only offer the course of copying simple strokes in the art courses of preschool education majors. Such courses have limitations, and it is easy to let students' paintings fall into the misunderstanding of mechanization and stylization, resulting in students' lack of necessary basic art skills and artistic quality.
As a basic course in the art major courses, sketching is very suitable as a basic training method to improve the basic art skills of preschool education majors because of its comprehensive and individual characteristics. Through a large number of sketching exercises, students can effectively improve their observation, imagination, composition ability, color matching ability and other artistic abilities. The article will start from many aspects to study the application of the sketch course into the art teaching of preschool education majors.
1、 Training students' observation ability and generalization ability through sketching
Art originates from nature and is higher than nature. There is infinite beauty in nature. Whether it is gurgling streams or beautiful mountains and rivers, people can enjoy the beauty of vision, hearing, smell, touch, etc. Sketching fully shortens the distance between nature and students, so that students can enjoy observing and experiencing nature. For example, observe the grass, understand its shape characteristics and color changes in different weather, and find the difference between it and other surrounding plants through comparison; Touch the grass and feel its texture; Smell the unique smell of grass and feel the fragrance of grass; wait. These can only be achieved through personal observation and contact.
To obtain and express beauty in the vast nature, students must first have the ability to discover and feel beauty. For some students who do not often create paintings independently and are used to copying, if they want to discover and describe the beautiful side of nature, they must first feel and observe nature, understand the appearance characteristics and growth laws of different things in nature, deepen their impression of the specific shape of things through careful observation, and then apply it to painting creation, which is also what they should teach children in the future teaching work. Children are very sensitive to the ever-changing images of nature, but they can only use simple lines, shapes and colors to draw the nature in their eyes due to their limited level. For some pre-school education students with weak art skills, it is not easy to draw from life on the spot. Therefore, teachers should reduce complexity to simplicity, and gradually guide preschool education students in painting. Let them start with a single natural object, and then go to the whole landscape painting practice. Students should choose between the objects they describe, find out the primary and secondary relationship of the picture, and improve their generalization ability.
2、 Cultivate students' ability of composition and modeling through sketching
Composition, also known as "business location", refers to that various elements to be painted are presented in the picture in some form, interspersed with the forms of size contrast, symmetry and balance, and uneven distribution. Composition directly affects the final presentation of a painting, so composition is a crucial link in the early stage of painting. Some students often feel at a loss when they actually face the scenery in the nature, because the things in the nature are too complicated, and they are difficult to select the painting object properly. This requires students to process and reconstruct the things in front of them artistically to make them more complete, spatial and artistic, so that they can not only improve their painting ability by depicting the things in nature, but also retain the things in nature in a more aesthetic and artistic way. Preschool education students need to explore the highlights of nature in a large number of sketching training, carefully study the rules of composition, avoid common composition errors such as too empty or too full composition, position deviation, no distinction between primary and secondary, perspective proportion imbalance, etc., achieve change in balance, unity in change, make the picture balanced, clear primary and secondary, appropriate proportion, full of rhythm, so as to effectively improve their own painting level.
Modeling ability is also a very important ability in the foundation of fine arts. To draw an object truly requires modeling ability. Children's paintings are mostly based on the basic shape of painted objects. Whether from the perspective of art specialty or children's art teaching, the cultivation of modeling ability is crucial. Sketching is a creative method of painting while observing objects face to face. Students can cultivate their modeling ability and analysis ability by closely observing and thinking about the external characteristics and internal structure of the objects, as well as the characteristics of materials, light and shadow, light and shade and other details. In the actual teaching of sketching, teachers can let students gradually grasp the basic forms of many things in nature through a large number of sketching or color sketches, and effectively improve their modeling ability through a certain amount of painting accumulation.
3、 Enhance students' perception of color through sketching
In preschool art teaching, color is widely used, and children can learn about various colors through art classes. Today's preschool art teaching encourages children to use a variety of color tools to paint colorful colors, so as to achieve the goal of cognitive color. In the field of art, color has experienced a process from indoor realism to outdoor experience of the ever-changing light and color changes in nature. Monet, Van Gogh, Cezanne and other artists are loyal supporters of sketching. They believe that only by observing and feeling in the nature can we discover the true meaning of art. The color and light and shadow in nature are harmonious, unified and full of changes. These color changes can not only express body and space, but also convey rich emotions. By matching similar colors, adjacent colors, warm and cold colors, complementary colors and other colors, a variety of screen shapes and visual effects can be produced, and different emotions and psychology can be expressed through the use of different colors.
When sketching, students should pay attention to the changes of color and light and shadow under the influence of factors such as different time periods, different seasons and weather, and combine the basic knowledge about color learned in class, such as the hue, lightness and purity of color, as well as the impact of solid color, environmental color and light source color on the whole picture, and also refer to color psychology to master the different psychological feelings brought by different color combinations, In this way, we can draw a good color painting work that both refined and popular enjoy. Teachers should let students, as leaders, bring this color feeling to the preschool art teaching classroom and share it with children. Figure 1 shows the campus sketch landscape of the freshmen majoring in preschool education in the teaching school. This effect is difficult to obtain by mechanical copying indoors.
4、 Improve students' aesthetic ability and creativity through sketching
In order to adapt to the rapid development of the times, the educational model should also be diversified. With the continuous innovation in the field of education, in order to further develop the artistic quality of students and thus cultivate the artistic quality of children, preschool education majors should actively carry out the reform of art teaching. Fu Baoshi, a master of Chinese painting, once said, "The real element of art is life." People live in a beautiful and ever-changing world. Whether it is urban street scenes or rural fields, whether it is magnificent ancient buildings or rows of modern buildings, all contain rich beauty in composition, rhythm, color and rhythm. If we simply carry out classroom teaching obviously has limitations, and combine classroom teaching with extracurricular teaching organically, students can get more feelings and experiences under the guidance of teachers. In the extracurricular art teaching, teachers should let preschool education students mobilize their senses, feel the objects in front of them, and discover the unique beauty in nature, so as to improve the students' aesthetic ability. Many scenes in nature have unique painting rules to follow. Take all kinds of stones in nature as an example. Their shapes are changeable and their textures are different. If you paint from the naked eye, it is often difficult to deal with the volume relationship and complicated superposition relationship of stones. If students have mastered the painting technique of "stone is divided into three sides", and added blank handling and density control, they can summarize and describe the stone in their own painting language. After students understand these basic painting rules, teachers can also ask them to place objects of different materials in nature on the same screen. For example, painting or pasting with objects that can be seen everywhere in nature, such as branches, leaves, peel, pebbles, can show special artistic effects, so as to improve students' innovation and creativity. In the process of sketching, students can try different artistic styles to their heart's content, express their feelings with free brushwork, feel the mystery of beauty in the process of creation, and experience the multi-level beauty of the world.
5、 Create students' artistic expression through sketching
Artistic expressiveness is relatively abstract to understand, but any abstract thing exists and develops on the basis of life experience and reality. Therefore, in order to improve artistic expression, it is necessary to enrich students' life experience and stimulate their curiosity about life. The students' life experience mainly comes from their living environment, family environment and daily activities from childhood to adulthood. Teachers can intersperse sketching teaching in these activities, so that they can record daily life by observing, tasting and painting at the same time. Taking the scene of a person riding a bicycle as an example, teachers can ask more questions in the process of students' sketching, guide students to recall their own movements and posture changes when riding a bike, observe the state of others when riding a bike, find out the movement rules of people when riding a bike, and then use different forms of expression, such as sketch, line and surface combined abstract painting to express the action of riding a bike, so as to enhance artistic expression.
In addition, teachers can also enable students to skillfully use the basic knowledge of the art profession to draw in a multi angle, multi tool and multi means way to improve students' artistic expression. If we want to make paintings have unique charm and artistic appeal, we should not be complacent, but should find a new way to open up new ideas. For example, using the perspective of looking up, looking down, wide angle, etc. to express the picture, painting with different painting tools or comprehensive materials, breaking the normal composition, merging the content that does not belong to the same theme through reasonable and clever artistic processing, and generating a new painting. Some students of preschool education major have been exposed to the inherent art teaching methods for a long time, which leads to their lack of innovation in ideas and techniques. Teachers should make full use of the sketching course to guide students, help students open their minds, look at the surrounding things with different eyes, and reshape their ability to understand and express art.
6、 Let students understand the essence of sketching
At this stage, some teachers of preschool education major in higher vocational colleges often focus on theoretical teaching in art classroom teaching. Students lack practical opportunities, sense of participation, and contact with practical courses such as sketching less. This caused some students to have the wrong study psychology, mistakenly thought that sketching was not important. The essence of sketching is to use different painting methods to show the verve of real objects, to "write vitality" and draw perception.
Sketching exercises can effectively help students accumulate daily painting materials, and play an important role in training students' relevant painting skills, such as composition, modeling, color application, etc. Sketching can improve students' artistic expression and grasp of artistic conception, and it can also enable students to face life closely and gain personal insights.
1. Perception of painting objects
Through sketching, students will re-examine, analyze and experience the natural images from the perspective of art. Some common scenes need to be re processed and refined by students before they can be displayed on the drawing paper and presented to the viewer. How to select painting objects has become a difficult problem for students in sketching. Faced with complex scenes, students should first learn to deal with pictures, clarify ideas, find scenes that can truly touch their hearts, handle the relationship between images and scenes, and determine what they want to paint. Only the scenery that really touches my heart is what the painting needs to show, and can better move the audience. Therefore, in the teaching of sketching, teachers should let students have a clear idea and have a clear understanding of the objects described.
2. Perception of expression methods
As a way to awaken the soul, sketching is a means to constantly activate students' artistic expression through life themes. There are some differences between preschool education majors and art majors. Students of preschool education majors often find it difficult to focus on painting practice and feelings, but use limited classroom time to paint. Some students believe that only realistic and concrete paintings are beautiful, and less practice leads to their basic art skills are not solid enough to create works with realistic style, and then they are afraid of painting. Children's paintings are full of childlike interest and exaggeration. They do not pay attention to the reality, but focus on the characteristics of what they see, and convey their feelings with exaggerated paintings. Therefore, students majoring in preschool education should change their inherent thinking, combine the theoretical knowledge learned in the classroom with their own work practice, try to see the world from the perspective of children, and find more things that can resonate with children to describe. In this regard, sketching provides a broad stage for them. In the training of sketching, students should pay more attention to observation and perception, and use painting to express their own perception on the basis of respecting the natural characteristics. Students can use a variety of different painting tools to express what they see in their eyes and what they think in their hearts. Only when hands, eyes and heart are synchronized can students improve their painting level to a new height.
The significance of art teaching in preschool education is not limited to learning basic knowledge and mastering painting skills, but more importantly, it is to improve students' spirit, temperament and self-cultivation, and let students pass on these to children in a way that they can hear and see. Looking at the art teaching in today's kindergartens, some kindergartens do not pay enough attention to art teaching, mainly focusing on the creation of the environment and teaching children to use color tools and comprehensive materials. For example, using the printer to print the template in advance, and then allowing children to carry out painting or filling exercises, this way has strong mechanical and limitations. If preschool teachers have not gone out of the classroom to look at the world with an artistic perspective, there is no way to teach children to understand art in a real sense. Therefore, students majoring in preschool education should start from themselves, go out of the classroom, go to nature to draw, feel, and constantly practice, experience, and exchange experience.
epilogue
Students of preschool education major should strengthen their creative ability and aesthetic ability when sketching and creating, deeply understand the essence of sketching, and organically integrate these with children's art teaching. Teachers should lead students into the nature together, let students observe and feel the nature with children's eyes, paint with their hearts and spirits, and strive to impress the audience with the true image, inspire children, and create a new way to improve the effect of children's aesthetic education. Fund project: The Department's 2021 Humanities and Social Sciences project "Research on the Influence and Role of Sketching on the Basic Art Curriculum of Preschool Education" to improve the basic scientific research ability of young and middle-aged teachers in Guangxi universities.